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A culture of trust is often seen as beneficial, enhancing markets, organizations, governance, and collective action. However, signs of eroding trust raise serious concerns. This book presents a nuanced view, highlighting that trust has two sides. For instance, belief in anti-vax theories has undermined herd immunity, while faith in Q-Anon has incited violence. Disasters arise from gullible acceptance of fake Covid-19 cures, Madoff schemes, and the false narrative denying President Biden's election. Trustworthiness relies on an informal social contract where principals expect agents to act competently and impartially despite risks. Skepticism is essential, as it reflects informed predictions about agents' future actions based on their past performance and safeguards against dishonesty. Unfortunately, assessments of trust are often flawed, with both cynical and credulous beliefs stemming from cultural biases and cognitive limitations. The conclusions are based on extensive data from the European Values Survey/World Values Survey, involving over 650,000 respondents across 100 societies over four decades. This work warns that excessive credulous trust can lead to significant, unrecognized risks in a world rife with manipulative demagogues, greedy swindlers, and conspiracy theorists exploiting our fears.
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In Praise of Skepticism, Pippa Norris, Ronald Inglehart
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- Année de publication
- 2022
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