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Karakorum fell into obscurity after the Yuan Dynasty's collapse in the late 14th century, regaining scholarly interest in the 17th century with European Jesuit explorations of China. Ancient sources agree that Karakorum was fortified, contained a walled palace area, and included two city quarters inhabited by Muslims and Chinese. Despite extensive research since the 19th century and excavations in the 1930s and 1940s, the precise location of Karakorum in the Orkhon Valley remains unresolved. Two main candidates have emerged: a deserted settlement adjacent to the northern wall of the Erdeni Dzu monastery and the Uighur ruins of Karabalgas. The former is considered less likely due to the absence of Islamic pottery, which would be expected from the Muslim quarter. Conversely, the theory that the monastery area corresponds to Karakorum is bolstered by reused inscriptions in the monastery walls and a chronicle stating it lies atop Ogadai Khan's residence. The Karabalgas theory is supported by its topography, the presence of two fortified city quarters, a walled palace area, and its historically documented distance of 100 Li southwest of Lake Ugej Nuur.
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Die altmongolische Hauptstadt Karakorum, Eva Becker
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- 2007
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