Martin Luther in motion pictures
History of a Metamorphosis
Feature film has significantly shaped the public image of Martin Luther in the 20th century. Since their inception, Luther films have been ambitious projects, involving leading theologians and experts in ecclesiastical history. However, traditional Luther scholarship has largely overlooked these films. The portrayal of Luther as a national myth in Germany and a Church founder in America required a cinematic approach closely tied to theological issues and the self-image of the Lutheran Church. This study examines the motivations behind each film project and their impact on Luther's image in its historical context. Film serves as a unique medium to illustrate the evolution of the Lutheran mindset over the past century, showcasing how scholarship on psychology and the Reformation was popularized. The films tend to maintain a positive portrayal of Luther. In German films, the nationalist aspect was emphasized until 1927, while since 1953, the Anglo-American tradition has focused on themes of liberation from conventional thought and medieval authorities, establishing a foundation for later representations. This shift indicates an Americanization of Luther in film. Key aspects of Luther’s image can be observed in both European and American traditions, and viewer responses to these films reflect societal secularization and the perceived strength of religious affiliations over time.
