Franc ois Terrier Livres

Providing an updated overview of SNAr substitutions, balancing both mechanistic and synthetic viewpoints, this book gives a comprehensive account of this versatile field. The first chapter deals with a mechanistic analysis of the factors governing the feasibility of SNAr substitutions, providing useful information to predict the regio- and stereoselectivity control of the reactions and to define the conditions for concerted SNAr processes. Reflecting the key role played by these species as intermediates in most SNAr reactions, Chapter 2 then discusses the chemistry of anionic s-complexes. Chapter 3 describes the new concept of superelectrophilicity which has emerged from the kinetic and thermodynamic data collected in the preceding chapters , while the numerous synthetic applications are considered in depth in the chapters that follow on intermolecular, intramolecular, and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions of hydrogen. The final chapter brings together concise yet comprehensive discussions surrounding SNAr photosubstitutions, radical substitutions, and ANRORC substitutions. Authored by an eminently respected chemist who has contributed greatly to the field over the past two decades, this is a valuable information source for all organic chemists working in academia or the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.

The advent of spiral CT has brought about a major breakthrough in abdominal imaging. This volume, written by US and European experts in the field, is designed to provide detailed information on all pertinent aspects of the technique. Introductory chapters examine image acquisition and processing, but the main focus is on clinical applications. The key pathologies of each abdominal organ system in which spiral CT has resulted in a major diagnostic improvement are discussed in depth and richly illustrated. Attention is paid to the choice of the parameters for imaging and automated contrast material injection, tailored to each specific organ and to the most common clinical conditions. The advantages and drawbacks of spiral CT are carefully appraised relative to other imaging modalities, particularly Doppler sonography and MRI. The concluding chapters are devoted to topics such as abdominal trauma, spiral CT in children, and CT-guided interventional procedures.