Thomas Foken Livres

This book focuses on fluxes of energy, carbon dioxide and matter in and above a Central European spruce forest. The transition from a forest affected by acid rain into a heterogeneous forest occurred as a result of wind throw, bark beetles and climate change. Scientific results obtained over the last 20 years at the FLUXNET site DE-Bay (Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen) are shown together with methods developed at the site, including the application of footprint models for data-quality analysis, the coupling between the trunk space and the atmosphere, the importance of the Damköhler number for trace gas studies, and the turbulent conditions at a forest edge. In addition to the many experimental studies, the book also applies model studies such as higher-order closure models, Large-Eddy Simulations, and runoff models for the catchment and compares them with the experimental data. Moreover, by highlighting processes in the atmosphere it offers insights into the functioning of the ecosystem asa whole. It is of interest to ecologists, micrometeorologists and ecosystem modelers.

How to interpret meteorological measurements made at a given level over a surface with regard to characteristic properties such as roughness, albedo, heat, moisture, carbon dioxide, and other gases is an old question which goes back to the very beginnings of modern micrometeorology. It is made even more challenging when it is unclear whether these measurements are only valid for this point/region and precisely describe the conditions there, or if they are also influenced by surrounding areas. After 50 years of field experiments, it has become both apparent and problematic that meteorological measurements are influenced from surfaces on the windward side. As such, extending these measurements for inhomogeneous experimental sites requires a quantitative understanding of these influences. When combined with atmospheric transport models similar to air pollution models, the ‘footprint’ concept – a fundamental approach introduced roughly 20 years ago – provides us with information on whether or not the condition of upwind site homogeneity is fulfilled. Since these first models, the development of more scientifically based versions, validation experiments and applications has advanced rapidly. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of these developments, to analyze present deficits, to describe applications and to advance this topic at the forefront of micrometeorological research.

The book focusses on atmospheric processes, which directly affect human environments within the lowest 100–1000 meters of the atmosphere over regions of only a few kilometres in extent. The book is the translation into English of the third edition of the German book “Applied Meteorology – Micrometeorological Methods”. It presents, with selected examples, the basics of micrometeorology applied to disciplines such as biometeorology, agrometeorology, hydrometeorology, technical meteorology, environmental meteorology, and biogeosciences. The important issues discussed in this book are the transport processes and fluxes between the atmosphere and the underlying surface. Vegetated and heterogeneous surfaces are special subjects. The author covers the areas of theory, measurement techniques, experimental methods, and modelling all in ways that can be used independently in teaching, research, or practical applications.

EAGLE-STARTHILFE Energieaustausch an der Erdoberfläche

Gegenstand des Buches sind die atmosphärischen Vorgänge im unmittelbaren Lebensraum des Menschen, also in den unteren 100-1000 Metern der Atmosphäre und in Gebieten mit nur einigen Kilometern Ausdehnung. Dieser mikrometeorologische Raum wird in Büchern der allgemeinen Meteorologie nur wenig berücksichtigt. Damit bietet das Buch Grundlagen insbesondere für angewandte meteorologische Fachgebiete wie Biometeorologie, Agrarmeteorologie, Hydrometeorologie, Umweltmeteorologie und technische Meteorologie sowie für die Biogeochemie. Ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt sind dabei die Transportprozesse und Stoffflüsse zwischen Atmosphäre und Erdoberfläche, wobei bewachsene und heterogene Unterlagen eine besondere Beachtung finden. Der Autor behandelt die Teilgebiete Theorie, Messtechnik, experimentelle Verfahren und Modellierung so, dass sie jeweils auch eigenständig für Lehre, Forschung und Praxis genutzt werden können.