Otto Rank Livres

"[Rank's thought] has implications for the deepest and broadest development of the social sciences . . . and of all [Rank's] books, Art and Artist is the most secure monument to his genius." --Ernest Becker

2010 Reprint of 1952 Edition. First published in 1924, Otto Rank's The Trauma of Birth took as its starting point a note that Freud added to his The Interpretation of Dreams: "Moreover, the act of birth is the first experience of anxiety, and thus the source and prototype of the affect of anxiety." Rank set out to identify "the ultimate biological basis of the psychical," the very "nucleus of the unconscious" (p. xxiii). For him this was the physical event of birth, whereby the infant passes from a state of perfectly contented union with the mother to a state of parlous separation via an oppressive experience of asphyxiation, constriction, confinement in the vaginal canal, and so on-all feelings recognizable in anxiety states of every kind. It was the struggle against this traumatic experience of birth, in Rank's account, that structured the fantasy life of the child, including the disavowal of the difference between the sexes, infantile sexual theories, and oedipal scenarios. Castration anxiety was a defensive derivative of the anxiety associated with the birth trauma.

THE prominent civilized nations--the Babylonians and Egyptians, the Hebrews and Hindus, the Persians, the Greeks and the Romans, as well as the Teutons and others--all began at an early stage to glorify their national heroes--mythical princes and kings, founders of religions, dynasties, empires, or cities--in a number of poetic tales and legends. The history of the birth and of the early life of these personalities came to be especially invested with fantastic features, which in different nations--even though widely separated by space and entirely independent of each other--present a baffling similarity or, in part, a literal correspondence. Many investigators have long been impressed with this fact, and one of the chief problems of mythological research still consists in the elucidation of the reason for the extensive analogies in the fundamental outlines of mythical tales, which are rendered still more puzzling by the unanimity in certain details and their reappearance in most of the mythical groupings.

Otto Rank, Sigmund Freud’s closest colleague in Vienna during the formative years of psychoanalysis, published the essay ‘A Dream That Interprets Itself’ in 1910. It was praised highly by Freud, and the seminal essay now appears for the first time in English with an expertly crafted introduction from Robert Kramer about Rank and his work.

À la fin de 1899 mais daté de 1900 comme pour marquer un nouveau siècle paraît Die Traumdeutung : c'est le livre du rêve jusque dans sa composition baroque, foisonnante. Un an plus tard paraît ce petit livre-ci, commandé par un éditeur, et dont le propos est bien différent : cette fois, c'est un exposé sur le rêve et qui revêt une forme plus classique, parfois didactique. Comme l'indique Didier Anzieu dans sa préface, la Traumdeutung constituait et constitue toujours une initiation à l'inconscient. Sur le rêve, lui, introduit à la psychanalyse. Y sont énoncés les résultats acquis par une science alors toute nouvelle.Si l'objet est ici le rêve, Freud n'entend pas pour autant lui conférer une valeur exceptionnelle. Au contraire il se déprend et déprend tout au long son lecteur d'une «surestimation», romantique ou mystique, qui ferait du rêve le lieu de quelque ascension de l'âme vers l'inconnu. Aussi porte-t-il principalement son attention sur les procédés du «travail du rêve» en les illustrant par de nombreux exemples et en nous engageant à les retrouver à l'œuvre dans d'autres productions de l'inconscient. Sur le rêve, oui, mais surtout pour l'analyse, pour une méthode.