Chaim M. Rosenberg Livres

When Nathan Appleton and his colleagues built their first textile mill on the banks of the Merrimack River in 1822, they were pursuing the vision of their departed mentor, Francis Cabot Lowell. The complex system of machinery, labor, management, and capital that resulted made the city that they named Lowell the centerpiece of America's Industrial Revolution. Changes in technology and commerce made the golden age of Lowell's mills short lived. Despite the success of businesses such as the patent medicine company of James C. Ayer, jobs remained scarce for decades. Hard times created strong leaders--people like Congresswoman Edith Nourse Rogers, who sponsored the G.I. Bill, and writer Jack Kerouac, who added a new voice to the country's literary mix. More recently, Paul Tsongas inspired a new generation to transform Lowell into one of the most exciting mid-sized cities in post-industrial America and a world model of urban revitalization. Legendary Locals of Lowell tells the city's story through pictures of its people.

From its earliest days, Boston decreed that its children be taught to read and write English and understand the laws. In 1826, free and compulsory education was introduced. The wish to educate the young conflicted with the great need for unskilled labor in the fields and factories. With adult wages low, schoolchildren helped their families by selling newspapers, shining shoes, hawking goods, or scavenging. On reaching 14 years of age, many children left school to find full-time work. Fearing that these children would end up in low-paying, dead-end jobs, Boston Public Schools added trade schools to teach craft skills--carpentry, printing, and metalwork for boys; dressmaking, cooking, and embroidery for girls. The national struggle to ban child labor began in the mid-19th century and ended with the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. This book describes the efforts in Boston and surrounding towns to keep children in school, at least until age 16, before permitting them to start work. The bulk of the images included were taken by Lewis Wickes Hine during his several visits to Boston between 1909 and 1917.