M. Bunge Livres

Focusing on the philosophy of science, this collection of essays explores scientific method, conceptual models, and ontological foundations. It emphasizes the importance of factual knowledge in understanding existence through testable theories, ranging from specific scientific models to broader metaphysical concepts. The book argues for a unified approach dominated by scientific method across various subjects. An introductory chapter addresses the disconnect between scientists and philosophers, setting the stage for deeper exploration of these themes.

Exploring the interplay of value, morality, and action, this introduction outlines a comprehensive approach to understanding these concepts within the framework of human knowledge. It posits that all animals engage in evaluations and that social behaviors, termed 'moral principles,' are learned and practiced. The text distinguishes between the factual aspects of valuation and the theoretical study of these phenomena, inviting insights from zoology, social psychology, and philosophy to analyze and critique moral norms and behavior patterns.

Exploring the intersection of life sciences, social sciences, and technology, this comprehensive work delves into the study of life from biology to psychology, highlighting key concepts like genetics and evolution. It examines the complexities of brain and mind through neuroscience and neuropsychology, while also addressing societal dynamics through anthropology, linguistics, sociology, and history. The text further investigates the evolution of technology, including information technology and decision theory, emphasizing their societal implications and ethical considerations.

Philosophical materialism, distinct from moral materialism and realism, explores the concept that reality consists solely of material entities. The book traces its evolution through six stages, beginning with ancient materialism rooted in Greek and Indian atomism, followed by its revival in the 17th century, and 18th-century interpretations influenced by Descartes. The mid-19th century saw the rise of scientific materialism linked to advancements in chemistry and biology, while the fifth stage aligns with socialist ideology. The current stage reflects a diverse, nonpartisan academic perspective.

This introduction outlines a study of value, morality, and action, emphasizing their roles in human knowledge. It discusses how animals evaluate their environment and learn moral principles, highlighting the distinction between facts of valuation and their scientific or philosophical study. Various disciplines contribute to understanding these concepts.