Jürgen G. Backhaus Livres

This book discusses the philosophy and educational reforms initiated by Wilhelm von Humboldt as well as their legacy in the modern university system. It begins with a discussion of the history of the university from antiquity and the Middle Ages through the era of Humboldt’s reforms and its remnants in and implications for the present day. The authors then delve into policy, outlining the key conflicts that have informed the development of university educational policy, such as the clash between academia and professional education, the coordination of public administration and educational institutions, and the perennial issue of funding. Humboldt’s ideas are then discussed within an economic context, using his principals of the state to analyze the relationship between current models of household and family economics and German economic and social policy. The book is rounded off by a philosophical analysis of the institution of the university and concludes with an update of the remains Humboldt’s reforms within the current university system. With its multidisciplinary approach to the study of higher education reform in Europe and its key players, this book will appeal to scholars of economic history, educational policy, and public administration as well as administrators and policy makers in higher education.

This book was prompted by the current, lingering financial crisis, which has its basis in the disorderly financial practices of the United States. These practices have resulted in an accumulated debt which now requires the United States to run financial policies at artificially low interest rates. In principle, these low interest rates should flood the markets with ready money. Since the spread for banks is very thin, however, and they must carefully discriminate between available risks and finance only those propositions with no risk, credit is not abundantly available. With staggering foreign debt and a myriad of other perils looming, this great nation is at peril for sure. In the tradition of the Heilbronn Symposium, the authors look at historical cases as a means of understanding the current situation and informing possible solutions to a problem that continues to affect the global economy. The volume analyzes cases such as Prussia, Greece, Italy, Estonia, and the European Union. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of economic history as well as policy makers who may benefit from an historical understanding of the economic challenges their countries currently face.

The issue whether fiscal sociology is ripe for an encyclopedia is the hidden agenda of this project. The authors are international experts from the old and the new world, from Italy to Estonia, the Netherlands to Russia, and of course, the United States. The essays cover both, the history of fiscal sociology and recent and future issues, such as the making of the Estonian constitution, which emphasizes fiscal austerity, and the emerging European constitution.

This book explores the history and socioeconomic impact of the first Catholic social encyclical, Rerum novarum. Based on research from the 2016 Heilbronn Symposia on Economics and the Social Sciences, it revisits the origins, dissemination, and influence of Catholic social doctrine stemming from this pivotal encyclical. The text argues that the core concepts of this doctrine have significantly shaped the modern social state and social market economy. It begins with an overview of Rerum novarum and progresses through chapters detailing the doctrine's historical implementation and its effects on global economics. The narrative highlights contributions from early proponents like Bishop Wilhelm von Ketteler, examines the reception of Rerum novarum, and provides examples of its practical application. It addresses key themes, such as the role of land, property taxation, and broader notions of justice. The book concludes with reflections on the broader implications of Rerum novarum and Catholic social doctrine from sociological and theological viewpoints. This work is valuable for academic researchers in theoretical economic history, political science, economic thought, and contemporary global issues through the lens of Christian faith.

This book discusses the work of German economists Gustav von Schmoller and Adolph Wagner, its influence on the tradition of German and Austrian economic and social thought, and its implications for the discipline today. Schmoller and Wagner integrated philosophical, historical, sociological and political approaches into the science of economics, focusing specifically on economic development. Schmoller, who is considered the head of the second generation of the German Historical School, argued that general propositions of economic theory had to be based on historical-empirical studies. In contrast, Wagner was a systematologist who preferred to start his investigations into economic problems from abstract principles. Schmoller and Wagner share, however, a common focus on institutions and the role of the state; Wagner favored state policy initiatives, while Schmoller was concerned with the risks of state policy failure. One hundred years after their deaths, the contributions to this booklook into their approach, trace the influence of their ideas, and explore the relevance of their thought in a global economy. This book will be useful for students and scholars interested in socio-economics, the history of economic thought, economic policy, and political science.

Following the chaos of Napoleon's rule, the Congress of Vienna established a lasting order in Europe, albeit one fraught with deep-seated conflicts, particularly between Austria and Prussia. This bicentenary examination delves into various aspects of the new political landscape among major European powers, utilizing documents, contemporary writings, and historiography. Contributions explore the enduring consequences of the Napoleonic Wars beyond 1815. Key topics include the rivalry for hegemony in Central Europe, the roles of Prussian reform politicians and German economists, and the influence of early 19th-century economic thought on the Congress's German representatives. The negotiations among great powers during the Congress are analyzed through the lens of the Saxon Crisis, while the concert of Europe and the secession of the Belgian Netherlands are also discussed. The transformation of the Greek navy from merchants to freedom fighters and the impact of the Congress on transportation systems in Württemberg and Baden are highlighted. Additionally, the economic repercussions of the Napoleonic Wars on the Habsburg monarchy, including state bankruptcy and currency reform, are examined, alongside the modernization of the Prussian financial system. The Austrian economy's post-Napoleonic depression and Metternich's influential role are also explored, providing a comprehensive understanding of this pivotal period in European h

If the power to tax stems from the need to finance standing armies, as Schumpeter claims, what about the more expensive navies? The answer demonstrated in this book is that Schumpeter was right. We cannot document a single case of a tax financed navy. This work has been generously supported by the Kyriazis family foundation. (Series: Wirtschaft: Forschung und Wissenschaft - Vol. 27) *** "The purpose of this work is to examine the economic theories of Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883-1950), who proposed that 'creative destruction' of older economic models is necessary for economic progress. . . . will prove of great interest to students of the rise of permanent military institutions." - The NYMAS Review, No. 57, Winter-Spring 2014 [Subject: Military Studies, Naval Studies]Ã?Â?Ã?Â?

General discourse discusses reformation as a spiritual or cultural phenomenon. Recently, the issue comes up in the context of integration policy. The difficulty of integrating Islamic immigrants into Western society is seen as consequent to the lack of the Islam having undergone a reformation. Three generations ago, discussions in the social sciences and, indeed, the news media, were more advanced. Religion was seen as a necessary element of the fabric of any society, and hence, different religions were discussed in terms of how they could together form the social fabric of modern capitalism.

This book is mainly a collection of selected papers presented at the International Conference on Economics of Education at the University of Tartu, Estonia. The contributions presented here illustrate the wide variety of issues as human and social capital, skills, education and research institutions, educational services, and management, accounting and compensation systems in schools and universities. This collection of studies provides information, ideas and research that should be valuable for practitioners, policy makers, academics and students.

Alöbert Schäffle (1831-1903) was not only an eminent economist and skilful politician, he served briefly as Austria's Secretary of Commerce, but he was also what can be called an academic entrepreneur who managed to turn the venerable 'Zeitschrift für die gesamten Staatswissenschaften' into a profitable venture. Although he used the human body as an analogue of the body politic, he was not a precursor of socio-biology. He followed Francois Quesnay, Adam Smith, the Cameralists (Justis) an many others in using the human body as a model for emphasizing the interconnections between economy, polity and society. This book collects essays on Schäffle's legacy for political economy broadly considered.