Friedrich Rainer Livres

Transport plays a crucial role in the economy and our well-being, but it also generates significant issues, particularly air pollution. Addressing these problems requires a thorough understanding of their impacts, which must be quantitatively measured and attributed to various transport activities. This information should be converted into monetary terms to facilitate cost-benefit analyses and inform the establishment of taxes and charges that accurately reflect external costs. The book outlines a methodology for assessing the impacts of transport activities and the external costs associated with air pollution, showcasing numerous applications across different transport technologies, locations, and policy scenarios. Developed within the 'ExternE Core/Transport' research project, largely funded by the European Commission's Directorate General Research, this approach has garnered valuable insights and support from experts in various disciplines. The editors express gratitude to Pierre Vallette and Pekka Jarviletho from the EC for their guidance, as well as to the contributing authors for their collaborative efforts in creating a cohesive work that integrates diverse perspectives rather than presenting isolated contributions.

Friedrich Rainer's unique perspective on the Nuremberg war crimes trial offers insights from a witness rather than a defendant. As an Austrian Nazi and lawyer, he observed the proceedings while imprisoned, allowing him to analyze the trial with a detached yet emotionally aware viewpoint. Rainer's legal expertise enabled him to discern fact from rumor and contextualize his experiences within the broader historical narrative. This translation, complemented by editorial commentary, reveals Rainer as both a historian and an apologist for National Socialism, reflecting on the trial's significance.

Milman Parry’s comparative study of Homer and Southslavic oral song had demonstrated the existence of an oral tradition behind and within the Homeric Epic, thus establishing an indisputable link between Homer and oral poetry. Yet its exact nature has remained a moot point. For equally indisputable is the fact of the coexistence of oral and literate features within the Homeric Epic. Thus not behaving as either a straight oral song or as a straight literate text tout court, the Homeric Epic calls into question the prevailing Parryist axiom of the oral Homer. The link between Homer and oral poetry has thus become an open question again: it is, in fact, the New Homeric Question that turns on the roles of orality and literacy in the genesis of the Homeric Epic. To clarify it this book experiments with a third term: postorality. As a postoral poet, having initially been trained as an oral bard absorbing the Hellenic oral tradition, Homer would have acquired literacy in the course of his career as an oral singer. It enabled him to widen, deepen, and refine his epic art, thereby giving rise to an epic as complex and unique, in terms of structure, characterization, and intellectual substance, as the Iliad.

This book provides uniques insights and information on every day life and proceedings in detention and trial at Nuremberg, 1945/46. It was penned by a middle-echelon NS-functionary who acted as witness for the accuesed war criminal Arthur Seyss-Inquart, but was later himself tried and sentednced to death by a Yugoslav tribunal. The Austrian-born Dr. Friedrich Rainer proves to be an intelligent, astute and only moderately biased observer with a good legal and historical grasp of his topic.

The principle of formular economy is to protect an oral poet’s thesaurus of formulas against overload through the avoidance of metrical doublets. Being specific to oral poetry, it serves as the chief criterion for determining the orality of a text (known as the ‘economy test of orality’). Parryism’s Theory of the Oral Homer is predicated on the assumption of the poet’s strict observance of this principle. This study, examining the hitherto untested Parryist assumption, reveals a high frequency of breaches of economy in Homer, and demonstrates that these are for the most part motivated by poetic considerations. It arrives at the conclusion that formular economy and the resulting schematized diction are residual in the Homeric epics where they yield to a largely schema-free style of composition.

High ozone concentrations during summer in Europe’s troposphere remain an unresolved issue. Despite planned measures to reduce precursor emissions in the coming years, these efforts will not suffice to lower ozone levels below health and environmental thresholds. Therefore, further reductions in volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides are crucial. Given the rising costs of emission reduction, it is vital to implement abatement strategies that are both effective—meeting environmental goals—and efficient—minimizing costs. The authors present a methodology and model system designed to identify such strategies for reducing tropospheric ozone concentrations to protect human health, agriculture, and ecosystems. Additionally, the macroeconomic impacts of these strategies are explored, highlighting the unequal distribution of burdens and benefits among countries, leading to discussions on various burden-sharing schemes. This work is grounded in findings from the comprehensive INFOS project, which assessed policy instruments for efficient ozone abatement strategies in Europe, funded by the European Commission under the Fourth Framework Programme for research and technological development.

This volume contains selected papers of the Fifth French-German Workshop on „Computation and visualization of three-dimensional vortical and turbulent flows“ held at TU München in December 6-7, 1996. The twenty-one extensive papers contained in this book report on recent research supported by the CNRS and the DFG in the field of numerical methods and algorithms, large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent free and wall-bounded flows, of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent flows involving compressibility, buoyancy, rotation and magnetic fields, in the area of DNS of transitional flows, DNS and LES of turbulent combustion, but also modelling of vortical external and internal flows. The authors made efforts in visualizing the flow they computed which provides invaluable insights into complex flow structures and fluid motions.

Luftverschmutzung stellt ein bedeutendes ökologisches und ökonomisches Problem dar. Der Autor analysiert wissenschaftlich die effektivsten technischen Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung von Schadstoffen und beleuchtet die politischen Instrumente, die notwendig sind, um diese Maßnahmen erfolgreich umzusetzen. Durch fundierte Argumentation werden Lösungen aufgezeigt, die sowohl Umwelt als auch Wirtschaft zugutekommen können.

Im Gegensatz zu gängigen Interpretationen der Kant'schen Rechtslehre zeigt Rainer Friedrich, dass Kant die Notwendigkeit eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Zustandes nicht aus dem natürlichen Eigentumsrecht ableitet. Stattdessen bildet allein das angeborene Menschenrecht der Freiheit die subjektiv-rechtliche Grundlage des Staates. Die textnahe Analyse zieht neben den Vorarbeiten zur Rechts- und Tugendlehre sowie Kants einschlägigen Vorlesungen auch zeitgenössische Kommentare heran. Schwerpunkte der Untersuchung bilden die der Rechtslehre zugrunde liegende Pflichtensystematik, Kants Lehre der subjektiven Rechte, die Lehre der ursprünglichen Erwerbung und die Bedeutung des allgemeinen Willens für das Privatrecht sowie der Übergang vom Privatrecht zum öffentlichen Recht. Rainer Friedrich legt eine kohärente, historisch und systematisch angelegte, Rekonstruktion von Kants Vernunftrecht vor.