Focusing on the intersection of language and culture, this book explores how Cosmopolitan Mandarin influences social dynamics in modern China. It provides an insightful analysis of language's impact on societal change, making it a valuable resource for students and scholars in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, and the study of Chinese society. The work highlights the complexities of language as a tool for social transformation in a rapidly evolving cultural context.
Hierarchical decomposition is emphasized as a crucial method for optimizing large, complex systems by breaking down intricate problems into more manageable subproblems. This strategy allows for the effective resolution of each subproblem, ultimately leading to a comprehensive solution for the original issue. The text highlights the complexity of manufacturing firms, which consist of various decision subsystems and are influenced by both deterministic and stochastic events, including equipment purchases and personnel changes.
Focusing on singular perturbation methods, this book systematically addresses systems relevant to queuing theory, control and optimization, and manufacturing. It consolidates concepts that were previously dispersed across various sources, making it a comprehensive reference for understanding these interconnected areas.
Focusing on two-time-scale Markov chains in discrete time, this book explores their applications in optimization and control across various fields, including manufacturing and finance. It emphasizes designing system models that account for uncertainty in complex systems influenced by jump or switching processes. A key feature is the use of multi-time scales, which allows for reducing complexity through decomposition. The text also addresses challenges in treating nearly decomposable systems and employs singular perturbation methods to analyze these dynamics effectively.
The aim of this thesis is to assess the long-term evolution of the fine sediment budget in the Iffezheim reservoir, which is the last barrage of the impounded section of the Rhine River. Based on the observed flow and suspended sediment concentration as well as echo-sounding data, various methods were proposed to estimate long-term riverbed changes. The application of a high-resolution 3D model was one focus in order to capture the multi-dimensional flow effects upstream of the barrage as accurately as possible and to represent the local deposition and erosion in a realistic manner. Since practicable computation time for long-term predictions using high-resolution 3D models has not yet been considered to be satisfactory with the current technique, methods for reducing the computational effort while maintaining similar accuracy were developed. First, the reduction of the high-resolution model was carried out by coarsening the grid in space and time and decreasing the number of sediment fractions. Secondly, an upscaling approach was developed, where long-term instationary simulations of riverbed volume changes were replaced by a series of precalculated stationary ones. In order to obtain projected boundary conditions of the numerical model, time-series analysis and synthesis and artificial neural networks were used. Ultimately, a coupled concept was developed linking advantages of the above-mentioned approaches. It was possible to determine a reasonable prediction of the sediment volume changes in the study area for the future with a reasonable computation time. The results reveal that for the chosen climate scenario for the near future (2020-2049) 33% and for the far future (2070-2099) 63% more sediment volume changes, mainly deposition, than currently are expected.
The Emergence of New Forms of Publications and New Modes of Intellectual Engagement
Intelligentsia has been a widely used term in the studies of history and society to describe intellectual, academic, educational and publishing circles. Zhang Qing analyses the formation of Chinese intelligentsia in the context of modern China, more specifically the late Qing dynasty and Republic of China, and addresses topics such as the expansion of newspaper distributions, the relationship between newspapers and academia, the impact of newspapers on society, the change of readers’ expressions and scholars’ social mobility. The emergence of the intelligentsia and other circles in the early twentieth century is an epitome of the drastic changes in Chinese society at the time, indicative both of a new state-society relation and of Chinese scholars’ efforts to find new roles and identities for themselves after bidding farewell to imperial examinations. The author shows how both the emergence of new-type publications and new roles in academia had a profound influence on modern China. The formation of the intelligentsia at the turn of the twentieth century was not only a key to grasping modern Chinese history, but also a mirror for examining the future society.
