Protein tyrosine phosphatases
Structure, Signaling and Drug Discovery
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a crucial role in cellular signaling by removing phosphates from phosphotyrosine residues, counteracting protein tyrosine kinases. This balance is vital for the signaling networks that govern human physiology. Initially regarded merely as housekeeping genes, PTPs are now recognized for their significant roles in embryonic development and disease regulation. Research has linked mutations in these proteins to various conditions, including metabolic and neurological disorders, as well as cancer, highlighting their importance as therapeutic targets. This book delves into the molecular structure and function of these signaling enzymes, detailing various subtypes of cysteine-based Class I, II, III, and Haloacid dehalogenase-related Class IV PTPs. It also explores their relationship with protein phosphoserine/phosphoserine phosphatases. The text covers both membrane-bound receptor forms and cytosolic non-receptor PTPs, emphasizing their biological functions. Serving as a comprehensive reference, this work aims to enhance understanding of the sequence features, structural elements, molecular mechanisms, and cellular roles of this important superfamily of enzymes.
