Investigating the biomechanical behavior of the knee joint through tests or measurements is challenging and often invasive. When using physical prototypes, such as artificial bones for osteotomy tests, replicating realistic mechanical environments is difficult. Additionally, the lack of accurate knowledge regarding boundary and loading conditions complicates the process. Assessing individual muscle forces during movement can enhance the consideration of realistic joint loading in experimental tests or numerical simulations, but direct measurement of these forces remains unfeasible. Contact forces between bones can be measured using telemetric instrumentation in prosthetics. Musculoskeletal modeling provides a solution by enabling the calculation of muscle forces. This work applies muscle forces from a validated model during normal walking to a finite element model of the lower limb, advancing knee biomechanics analysis. A comparison of five implants for open-wedge high tibial osteotomy was conducted through experimental studies and numerical analysis. The experimental study involved static and dynamic loading tests on artificial composite tibias, while the numerical analysis simulated vertical compressive loads. Findings indicated that simple loading used in mechanical tests aligns with realistic loading during slow walking. The results underscore the importance of incorporating muscle forces in testing protocols and implant d
