Examining the interplay between income and wealth distribution and macroeconomic dynamics, this book questions whether greater income equality fosters or hinders growth. It explores the evolution of wealth in market economies, utilizing insights from the 1990s growth theory revival. The authors employ advanced optimization techniques to address market imperfections and political-economic factors, moving beyond traditional representative-agent models. Their analysis provides a nuanced understanding of capital accumulation and its long-term implications for economic growth.