Timothy J. Mason Livres

After an introduction to the topic and some historical background to the uses of power ultrasound the general principles of acoustic cavitation are explored including some background physics, bubble dynamics and factors which influence cavitation. The remainder of the book incorporates a series of applications of sonochemistry which illustrate the types of physical and chemical effects of ultrasonically induced cavitation which will interest chemists and engineers alike. Amongst the major topics included are chemical synthesis, environmental protection and remediation of water, sewage and soils, polymer synthesis and processing, electrochemistry including both analytical and synthetic aspects and plating. The final chapter reviews the range of ultrasonic equipment available in the laboratory and the progress made towards the scale-up of sonochemistry.

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In the 1980’s sonochemistry was considered to be a rather restricted branch of chemistry mainly involving the ways in which ultrasound could improve synthetic procedures, predominantly in heterogeneous systems and particularly for organometallic reactions. This volume traces the evolution of sonochemistry from a century ago when the effects of acoustic cavitation were first reported almost as a scientific curiosity, through the 1980’s to the present. It describes the ways in which scientific interest grew rapidly during the 1990’s with the formation of the European Society of Sonochemistry in 1990 and the launch of a new journal Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 1994. It also includes two chapters relating to the evolution of the subject as seen through the particular experiences of the authors Tim Mason and Mircea Vinatoru, both pioneers of sonochemistry. One chapter is devoted to the ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE) of chemicals from plant material. This also illustrates the different ways in which sonochemical technologies can be applied in both batch and flow systems leading to the development of large-scale processing. The other chapter relating to environmental protection shows the wide range of applications of sonochemistry in this important field for both biological and chemical decontamination.