1.1 Surface modifications for biochips and cell studies The success of the human genome project has been made possible by many developments in the area of nucleic acid biotechnology, but one indispensable aspect was the invention of DNA microarrays that enabled miniaturization, automatization and parallelization of processes and thereby accelerated many processes drastically. Today the preparation of such DNA microarrays is done routinely mainly by spotting small voluminas of oligonucleotide solution on surfaces.
