Jocelyn Potter Livres

Look Ahead is a four-level series for upper secondary and young adult learners of English, taking them from beginning level to First Certificate preparation. The Longman classroom series is the institutional version of this multimedia project, created by a consortium consisting of: BBC English, British Council, Longman ELT, Cambridge Examinations (UCLES), with the cooperation of the Council of Europe.

This is the classic story of the four March sisters - Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy. Their story of their loves, problems and adventures is sometimes sad, often funny, but always charming.

Look Ahead is a four-level series for upper secondary and young adult learners of English, taking them from beginning level to First Certificate preparation. The Longman classroom series is the institutional version of this multimedia project, created by a consortium consisting of: BBC English, British Council, Longman ELT, Cambridge Examinations (UCLES), with the cooperation of the Council of Europe.

Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy : quatre jeunes Américaines d'autrefois, très différentes, mais qui s'aiment bien. Papa est à la guerre, on n'est pas riche, et la vie est parfois difficile. Qu'importe, chacune travaille, Maman fait des miracles. On rit beaucoup chez les March, on pleure quelquefois, les discussions sont passionnées et les aventures ne manquent pas, surtout avec Jo, ce garçon manqué, qui ne fait rien comme tout le monde.

The Borrowers are tiny people who live under the floor of the Lender family's house. A nasty lawyer, Ocious P. Potter, wants to pull down the Lender's home, but young Peter Lender meets Arrietty Clock, a Borrower, and they join forces to try and stop him.

Extensive reading is essential for improving fluency and there is a real need in the ELT classroom for contemporary, low-level reading material for younger learners. This level 3 Popcorn ELT Reader is based on the popular animated film Home , about the adventures of Oh, an alien and Tip, a teenage girl and their search for a new home.

Depuis un siècle et demi, Jane Eyre fascine les lecteurs et les critiques se demandent pourquoi cette œuvre est si populaire. Comme c'est souvent le cas avec les livres qui demeurent vivants, l'histoire contient quelque chose de plus que de simples rebondissements romantiques et des éléments dramatiques d'un roman gothique. Le temps a effacé la rigidité de l'époque victorienne et a apaisé le scandale suscité par le comportement et les opinions de l'héroïne indomptable, dont l'auteure a défendu la cause en affirmant : « Ne confondons pas convention et morale ! » Le secret d'une grande littérature ne peut être défini, mais les générations de lecteurs passionnés nous révèlent quelque chose. Nous réalisons que nous lisons une histoire fictive, tout en ressentant que la voix de la narratrice est étrangement réelle, que les émotions sont authentiques et que les événements sont explosifs. Ainsi, le combat de l'héroïne intrépide contre sa tutrice inhumaine, les conditions cruelles de l'internat et l'ordre social rigide a un impact puissant, révélant l'expérience personnelle de l'auteure, celle d'une jeune fille persécutée après la perte de ses parents. Et ne reprochons pas à l'auteure que dans son grand récit épique, l'amour triomphe des cruelles adversités, des caprices du destin et du poids d'un terrible secret.

Look Ahead is a four-level series for upper secondary and young adult learners of English, taking them from beginning level to First Certificate preparation. The Longman classroom series is the institutional version of this multimedia project, created by a consortium consisting of: BBC English, British Council, Longman ELT, Cambridge Examinations (UCLES), with the cooperation of the Council of Europe.

It is a matter of personal taste whether one most enjoys the family, with its many eccentric hangers-on, or the animals. In this work, the author studies and brings back to the strawberry pink, the daffodil-yellow, or the snow-white villa.

For love of country, for love of maiden, for love of freedom...he became the hammer and scourge of England. In one of history's darkest hours there arose from humble beginnings a man of courage and honor -- the likes of whom the world may never see again. Amid the color, pageantry, and violence of medieval Scotland unfurls the resplendent tale of the legendary William Wallace, farmer by birth, rebel by fate, who banded together his valiant army of Scots to crush the cruel tyranny of the English Plantagenet king. Mel Gibson is William Wallace, the valiant highlander whose epic adventures changed the course of history.

Pendant la guerre de Sécession, cinq prisonniers des Sudistes réussissent à s'échapper à bord d'un ballon. Franchissant les océans, l'engin se trouve pris par la tempête et échoue sur une île perdue au milieu du Pacifique. Semaine après semaine, l'ingénieur Cyrus Smith, le reporter Gédéon Spilett, Nab, Pencroff, Harbert, et le chien Top, s'organisent pour survivre, unissant leur talent et leur ingéniosité. Cependant, des faits inexplicables viennent perturber leur nouvelle existence, leur laissant croire à une présence étrangère... Parviendront-ils à percer le secret que cache l'île mystérieuse ?

The oldest university in England and one of the most famous cities in the world. But Oxford is not only a city of students, and its history was not always quiet and thoughtful. And what is modern Oxford really like? This book looks at the history of Oxford - but it also looks at the livingcity of today, its river, and some places of interest nearby.

Trois flics dans le Los Angeles des années cinquante... Ed Exley veut la gloire. Hanté par la réussite de son "incorruptible" de père, il est prêt à payer n'importe quel prix pour parvenir à l'éclipser. Bud White a vu son père tuer sa mère. Aujourd'hui, il est devenu un bloc de fureur, une bombe à retardement portant un insigne. "Poubelle" Jack Vincennes terrorise les stars de cinéma pour le compte d'un magazine à scandales. Un secret enfoui dans sa mémoire le ronge. Il fera tout pour ne pas le laisser remonter à la surface. Trois flics pris dans un tourbillon, un cauchemar qui teste leur loyauté et leur courage, un cauchemar d'où toute pitié est exclue et qui ne permet à personne de survivre.  L.A. Confidential  est un roman noir épique. Après Le Dahlia Noir et  Le Grand Nulle Part, L.A. Confidential est le troisième volet du "Quatuor de Los Angeles".

Analyse : Roman de société.

"Martin Luther King had a dream. He wanted blacks and whites to live together happily. But in America in the 1950s and 1960s, all men were not equal. King led peaceful protests against the government and won changes for the blacks of America. But has King's dream really come true today?"--Back cover

THE NO.1 LADIES' DETECTIVE AGENCY introduced the world to the one and only Precious Ramotswe - the engaging and sassy owner of Botswana's only detective agency. TEARS OF THE GIRAFFE, McCall Smith's second book, takes us further into this world as we follow Mama Ramotswe into more daring situations ... Among her cases this time are wayward wives, unscrupulous maids, and the challenge to resolve a mother's pain for her son who is long lost on the African plains. Indeed, Mma Ramotswe's own impending marriage to the most gentlemanly of men, Mr J.L.B. Matekoni, the promotion of Mma's secretary to the dizzy heights of Assistant Detective, and the arrival of new members to the Matekoni family, all brew up the most humorous and charmingly entertaining of tales. * TEARS OF THE GIRAFFE was selected as one of the GUARDIAN's top ten 'Fiction Paperbacks of the Year, 2000

Private detective Philip Marlowe is looking for the missing wife of Derace Kingsley. Is she dead or not? And is she the lady in the lake?

Sir Robert Chiltern a vendu un secret d'Etat. L'argent ainsi gagné lui a permis de se lancer dans le monde avec succès et de devenir un homme politique de tout premier plan. Mais personne ne sait d'où il tient sa fortune, à l'exception d'une aventurière qui le fait chanter. En dépeignant ironiquement le mari idéal sous les traits d'un homme politique riche et ambitieux, Wilde souligne la relation entre une institution à ses yeux contestable - le mariage - et les intérêts d'argent et de pouvoir. Mais plus profondément, cette comédie de société joue sur l'écart entre l'irréprochable apparence d'un homme et la réalité que dissimule son masque. Wilde dénonce ainsi les hypocrisies, mais le souci de séduire son public par le mot d'esprit et le paradoxe prime tout, et c'est la grâce de ce langage brillant qui assura le succès de la pièce en 1895.

This course is based on research carried out in four real companies. All the language is presented and practised within the context of a contemporary international commercial working environment. The weighting given to certain items in the syllabus reflects the needs of junior business people.

A man wants to kill the Police Commissioner. But who is he? Can Steve Malone find the killer? He only has two days...

Le mouton n'était pas mal, avec sa laine et ses belements plus vrais que nature les voisins n'y ont vu que du feu. Mais il arrive en fin de carriere : ses circuits fatigués ne maintiendront plus longtemps l'illusion de la vie. Il va falloir le remplacer. Pas par un autre simulacre, non, par un véritable animal. Deckard en reve, seulement ce n'est…

This series offers students a bridge from simplified fiction to the original writings of famous literary figures. This complete text edition has an introduction and glossary and is suitable for students preparing for Cambridge Proficiency.

Un classique de la littérature française adapté pour l'apprentissage du française langue étrangère. Propose un texte, des activités pédagogiques et un lexique.

Now a major motion picture from Universal Studios, starring "The Rock!" Across the deserts of the Middle East, the warlord Memnon expands his reign. With his sorcerer foretelling the outcome of every battle, his army marches undefeated, slaughtering those who dare oppose him. Memnon seeks to fulfill an ancient prophecy to become the King of Legend, the favored ruler of the gods... But the gods favor another. His name is Mathayus. A warrior without peer, he will inspire the remnants of the desert tribes to unite against Memnon's tyranny. And he will ascend a throne of his own making...

A famous painting is going to the Grierson Gallery in LA and they want a top man to come to the United States. He can talk about the artist. The National Gallery in London send Mr Bean. But something is very wrong with Mr Bean! He's very, very strange. And dangerous! After he arrives, accidents start to happen.

Cette magnifique incursion dans le monde fantastique de l'un des plus grands visionnaires de tous les temps enchantera les enfants ainsi que leurs parents jusqu'à la toute dernière ligne. Ce best-seller de la littérature classique, magistralement adapté au jeune public, est merveilleusement servi par des illustrations couleur originales du célèbre studio Van Gool qui contribuent à rattacher à la lecture un sentiment de plaisir inoubliable.

Contemporary / British English Young Prince Einon is dying. Only the Great Dragon can help him But first the boy has to say, 'I won't be a cruel king. I'll love my people and be kind to them.' But Einon is cruel, and everybody in the country is afraid. Now the Dragon, good Sir Bowen and the peasants have to fight in a great battle between Good and Bad.

"Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous love stories in the world. But it is more than a great love story. It is also about life and death, happiness and sadness, and the terrible hate between two great families. Shakespeare's beautiful tale is still as popular today as it was more than 400 years ago." - back cover.

A comic book interpretation of The Wind in the Willows, a treasure of British Literature which has already been brought to screen. Kenneth Grahame's colourful characters, his inimitable madness and his love of nature shine through on every page, fascinating readers of all ages...amongst whom was Michel Plessix, the author of this adaptation.

Un classique de la littérature française adapté pour l'apprentissage du français langue étrangère. Propose un texte, des activités pédagogiques et un lexique.

The book explores themes of ambition, power, and guilt through the tragic story of Macbeth, a Scottish general whose encounter with three witches ignites his desire for the throne. As they prophesy that he will become king, dark thoughts of murder consume him, which he struggles to suppress. Encouraged by his ambitious wife, Lady Macbeth, he murders King Duncan in his sleep and ascends to the throne. However, Macbeth's reign is plagued by paranoia and fear of losing power, leading him to further violence, including the murder of his friend Banquo. Haunted by guilt and the specter of Banquo, he seeks out the witches again, who provide misleading assurances of his invincibility. Ultimately, his downfall comes at the hands of Macduff, who was born by cesarean section, fulfilling the witches' prophecy. The play concludes with the tragic fates of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, who succumbs to madness, underscoring the destructive nature of unchecked ambition and moral decay.

One night Tom Ripley is insulted by a man at a party. An ordinary person would just be upset by this, but Tom Ripley is not an ordinary person. Months later, when a friend asks him for help with two simple murders, he remembers this night and plans revenge. He starts a game - a very nasty game, in which he plays with the life of a sick and innocent man. But how far will he go?

Profiles six "gurus" whose ideas on management helped create the modern business world, including Frederick Taylor, Alfred P. Sloan, Peter Drucker, Tom Peters, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, and Charles Handy.

A forty-ton truck careens out of control on a snowy road, endangering a teenage girl on horseback. In moments, a family's life is shattered, prompting a mother’s desperate quest to save her injured daughter and a horse driven mad by pain. This journey leads her to the legendary Horse Whisperer, Tom Booker, who possesses the rare ability to calm wild horses and heal broken spirits. Annie Graves travels across the country with her daughter, Grace, and their wounded horse, Pilgrim, to seek help at the Booker ranch in Montana. Annie risks everything—her career, marriage, and comfortable life—believing that the Whisperer can save them. Pilgrim, now savage and dangerous, is deemed unfit to live, but Annie refuses to give up, knowing that the horse's fate is tied to Grace, who has retreated into a painful silence. As they navigate their challenges under the expansive Rocky Mountain sky, their lives, including Tom's, will be irrevocably transformed. This tale of healing and redemption is an epic love story and gripping adventure, exploring our deep connections with nature and the journey of self-discovery, ultimately celebrating the power of belief and the possibility of hope.

Non loin de Marseille, un bateau de pêche recueille un homme grièvement blessé et inconscient. On le sauve mais il a perdu la mémoire ; il ne se rappelle rien de son passé. Toutefois, il a sous la peau de la jambe un morceau de film avec le numéro d'un compte dans une banque suisse. II part donc pour Zurich et apprend que le titulaire du compte est un certain Jason Bourne et aussi que Jason Bourne est traqué par plusieurs tueurs. Qu'y a-t-il dans le passé de Bourne qui explique cet acharnement à le faire disparaître ? Tel est le début de l'extraordinaire enquête que mène un homme sans mémoire pour retrouver son passé, pour découvrir qui il est. Cet étonnant roman de suspense et d'action a obtenu le prix Mystère du meilleur roman étranger 1982.

Contemporary / British English Meet the Larkin family They enjoy a wonderful country life, never worrying about money, work -- or the law. But then, one day, a man arrives from the tax office. Is the taxman going to change the Larkin's lives? Or is his life going to change forever?

The Tesseract is a very powerful weapon and Loki plans to use it for an attack on Earth. Who can protect the Tesseract and save our world from the angry Asgardian? Iron Man, Captain America, Hulk, Black Widow, Hawkeye, and Thor are the Avengers - and they are Earth's only hope. číst celé

Pearson English Readers bring language learning to life through the joy of reading. Well-written stories entertain us, make us think, and keep our interest page after page. Pearson English Readers offer teenage and adult learners a huge range of titles, all featuring carefully graded language to make them accessible to learners of all abilities. Through the imagination of some of the world’s greatest authors, the English language comes to life in pages of our Readers. Students have the pleasure and satisfaction of reading these stories in English, and at the same time develop a broader vocabulary, greater comprehension and reading fluency, improved grammar, and greater confidence and ability to express themselves. Find out more at

Level 4 English'She was one of the Doones who had killed my father. But her voice touched my heart and I could not hate her.' In 1673 young John Ridd meets a little girl called Lorna Doone. Seven years later they meet again, and fall in love. But the Doones are a family of robbers and murderers. Then John is ordered to go to London. The government wants him to help stop a rebellion against the King. They also want him to help destroy the Doones. But can John save Lorna?

The hilarious, Academy Award-nominated screenplay that features six old friends, three disastrous receptions, a tongue-tied priest, and the role that made Hugh Grant the world's favorite bumbling bachelor. Toasted by romantics and cynics, critics and fans, Four Weddings and a Funeral grossed more than $250 million worldwide, garnered Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay, and was unanimously pronounced the romantic comedy of the 90s. Richard Curtis's smart, irreverent, and brilliantly crafted screenplay will delight fans of the movie, as well as screenwriters and film students. From the first spoken line to the last ("I do"), it's a jubilant celebration of friendship, romance, and good humor.

The titles in this series are mainly new editions of titles in the Longman Simplified English Series. They are suitable for students at upper intermediate level, including those preparing for the Cambridge First Certificate.

Classic / British English When a fisherman opens an old jar, a giant comes out. When a donkey opens its mouth, gold falls out. There is magic in these five fairy tales. Good people are often very unhappy -- but in the end they have happy lives.

People love and need animals. They keep them in their homes and on their farms. They enjoy going to zoos, and watching animals on films and on TV. Little children love to play with toy animals. But people are a great danger to animals too. They take their land, and cut down the trees where animals have their homes. They pollute the rivers and seas, and kill big animals for their skins or for medicine. Now there are about 7,000 species of animals in danger. What can we do to protect the animals of the world - from us? -- Features topics such as environmental issues, historical facts, and culture. Full-color photographs, introductions, glossaries, and exercises enhance student reading and learning. Audio versions of selected titles provide great models of intonation and pronunciation of difficult words.

Spiral down dimly lit streets lined with madmen and their black deeds, through cold twists of catacombs, and across a sea that strikes with tight, angry fists. From the tortured mind of Edgar Allan Poe, three tales--"The Cask of Amontillado, " "The Black Cat, " and "The Fall of the House of Usher"--speak to the hidden places within us all.

Le roman "Sur la route" a provoqué un bouleversement culturel aux États-Unis à la fin des années cinquante, faisant de Jack Kerouac une icône de la littérature spontanée et détabouisée. Considéré comme la bible légendaire de la génération beat, ce livre est une déclaration générationnelle et une réponse au paradoxe social de son époque : bien que l'Amérique fût à son apogée économique, ses maux devenaient de plus en plus visibles. Jack Kerouac (1922 – 1969) est l'un des représentants les plus significatifs de la beat generation, auteur de trois recueils de poésie et de plus de quinze romans souvent autobiographiques. À dix-sept ans, il s'installe à New York, une ville qui lui révèle une passion pour le jazz et le désir d'écrire, tout en l'entraînant dans l'expérimentation avec les drogues. Son amitié avec Allan Ginsberg et William Burroughs a donné naissance à un nouveau mouvement littéraire. L'œuvre de Kerouac est marquée par des influences de la foi catholique, de la méditation bouddhiste et des improvisations jazz. Malgré son aspiration à la liberté et à la spontanéité, il a souffert de dépressions et de solitude, et est décédé à quarante-sept ans à cause de problèmes de santé liés à l'alcool.

Allie Fox hates the United States and he hates the twentieth century. He takes his wife and children to the jungle in Honduras to find a new, simpler way of living. But things go wrong, and their lives become much worse and more frightening than anything back home

[Penguin Readers Level 3]Lord Cutler Beckett thinks that pirates are very bad for business. He wants to take command of the oceans. The Pirate Lords, of course, have other ideas. But can they fight him and win--together? They need the help of Captain Jack Sparrow, but he and his ship are at the bottom of the ocean. Is this the end for the Pirates of the Caribbean?

Part of a series designed to be suitable for students at upper intermediate level, including those preparing for the Cambridge First Certificate examinations. These simplified editions keep within a 2000 word vocabulary, contain exercise material and an introduction to the text and author.

Retells the story of the misfortunes that plague a prominent New England family because of greed and a two-hundred-year-old curse.

Set amidst the real world events which occurred following the Jacobite rising of 1745, Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novel "Kidnapped" is the story of David Balfour, who travels to meet his uncle and collect his inheritance following the death of his father. Betrayed by his Uncle, David finds himself kidnapped by Captain Hoseason of the brig "Covenant", who plans to sell him into slavery in the Carolina Colonies of America. However the ship is blown of course and driven back towards Scotland where in the fog it strikes a small vessel and brings aboard the Scottish soldier and Jacobite Alan Breck Stewart. With the help of Alan, David is able to escape his captors and soon finds himself in the middle of the struggle between the Scottish Highlanders and soldiers of the English government. Stranded in the Scottish wilderness David must fight for his life and return home to collect his rightful inheritance. Through the characters of Alan and David the conflict over Scottish independence from English rule is adventurously depicted. This edition is printed on premium acid-free paper.

Sheherezade is beautiful and clever. She also knows 1001 wonderful stories. Her husband wants to kill her, but he can't. Sheherezade tells him stories about a clever servant girl and a boy judge, about Ali Baba and Aladdin. What happens next? Her husband wants to know. He listens and she lives.

In these eleven stories, Fitzgerald depicts the Roaring Twenties as he lived them. He masterfully blends accounts of flappers and the smart set with more fantastical visions of America, always imbuing his narratives with his trademark themes of money, class, ambition and love.

[Penguin Readers Level 2]Sindbad the Sailor went to sea seven times. Each time his voyage was filled with adventure and danger! He meets giant men, giant snakes and giant birds. How does he save himself? Set sail with Sindbad on these exciting voyages. ...

The Amazon Rain Forest is the largest rain forest in the world. It is 10,000,000 years old and many different kinds of plants and animals live here. The forest is important for the world's weather and wildlife, but it is disappearing fast. Read this book and learn about this wonderful forest - and its problems. What will its future be?

The story of King Arthur is one of the most famous legends in England. A wonderful tale of the days of chivalry and the exciting adventures of Sir Gawain, Sir Galahad and the other knights of the Round Table.

Classic / American English These nine stories will take the reader on an exciting journey to distant cultures and times. The collection includes folktales from South America, Africa, India, China, and Europe.

Look Ahead is a four-level series for upper secondary and young adult learners of English, taking them from beginning level to First Certificate preparation. The Longman classroom series is the institutional version of this multimedia project, created by a consortium consisting of: BBC English, British Council, Longman ELT, Cambridge Examinations (UCLES), with the cooperation of the Council of Europe.

The coursebooks points to clearly highlight the objective of every lesson regular ‘grammar backup’ sections to reinforce the key language points and provide additional practice wordfiles to help students remember new vocabulary lively role-plays and discussions to build confidence phrasebook boxes to provide reminders of key language project units to provide extended practice of spoken and written communication

This course is based on research carried out in four real companies. All the language is presented and practised within the context of a contemporary international commercial working environment. The weighting given to certain items in the syllabus reflects the needs of junior business people.

Look Ahead is a four-level series for upper secondary and young adult learners of English, taking them from beginning level to First Certificate preparation. The Longman classroom series is the institutional version of this multimedia project, created by a consortium consisting of: BBC English, British Council, Longman ELT, Cambridge Examinations (UCLES), with the cooperation of the Council of Europe.

Look Ahead is a four-level series for upper secondary and young adult learners of English, taking them from beginning level to First Certificate preparation. The Longman classroom series is the institutional version of this multimedia project, created by a consortium consisting of: BBC English, British Council, Longman ELT, Cambridge Examinations (UCLES), with the cooperation of the Council of Europe.

Discover the magic of stories: Read and learn with Disney friends With the brand-new Disney Readers series, young learners can build their reading skills with the help of engaging Disney stories and characters they know and enjoy. Created to be used both at school and at home Helps young learners expand their reading in a fun and motivating way Audobook, extra learning content and activities included Aligned to the Global Scale of English and Common European Framework Lexile text measure 500 Rapunzel has magic, golden hair that can heal people. She lives with Mother Gothel, far away from people.

The How to Train Your Dragon movies are loved around the world for their original characters, exciting adventures and fun, action-packed stories. This Level 2 Popcorn ELT reader is based on the second film in the franchise.

Teachers book includes detailed guidance on teaching methodology and bank of teacher development worksheets Two free photocopiable test booklets, with pull-out answer keys, to accompany the course.  These provide help for students preparing for KET, PET and FCE examinations.

The Tesseract is a very powerful weapon and Loki plans to use it for an attack on Earth. Who can protect the Tesseract and save our world from the angry Asgardian? Iron Man, Captain America, Hulk, Black Widow, and Hawkeye are the Avengers - and they are Earth's only hope.

* A wide range of activities provides further controlled practice of the main grammatical, functional and vocabulary areas presented in the Students' Book * Integrated skills tasks require learners to work with a listening or reading text and then to produce a piece of related written work *'Help Yourself' sections provide learner-development activities which encourage students to reflect on language and the language learning process * Regular Sound/Spelling links sections draw attention to common links between sound and spelling in English. The sections are designed both to develop an awareness of spelling patterns and to help learners with their pronunciation * A review list of key vocabulary from the Students' Book is contains at the back of the Workbook

Look Ahead is a four-level series for upper secondary and young adult learners of English, taking them from beginning level to First Certificate preparation. The Longman classroom series is the institutional version of this multimedia project, created by a consortium consisting of: BBC English, British Council, Longman ELT, Cambridge Examinations (UCLES), with the cooperation of the Council of Europe.

Beautifully told tales, a perfect introduction to Shakespeare's greatest plays. Charles and Mary Lamb's labour of love brings vividly alive the power of Hamlet and Othello, the fun of As You Like It and The Taming of the Shrew, the magic of The Tempest and the drama of Pericles. Conveying all Shakespeare's wit, wisdom and humanity, and never losing the feel of his beautiful language, these tales are classic literature in their own right.